Synergistic Defect-Driven Chemocatalysis and Ultrasound-Activated Piezocatalysis by Two-Dimensional SnSe Nanosheets

Osteosarcoma (OS) constitutes a severe malignant disorder affecting bone tissue and poses a significant global public health risk. Here, we introduce an injectable, synergistic chemopiezodynamic therapy utilizing tin selenide (SnSe) two-dimensional nanosheets, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to target OS effectively. We observed clear antitumor effects in OS following treatment with SnSe. These effects are primarily attributed to Sn/Se vacancy-driven free radical catalysis, known as chemodynamic therapy, and are further augmented by ultrasonic vibrations for ultrasound-triggered piezocatalysis (piezodynamic therapy). Additionally, SnSe induced apoptosis and autophagy in OS cells while demonstrating satisfactory histocompatibility in mouse models. Comprehensive assessments at both in vitro cellular level and in vivo xenograft models confirm that injectable SnSe nanosheets achieve cytotoxicity and tumor eradication via the synergistic effects of chemo-piezocatalysis. This research paves the way for the customized development of advanced nanocatalysts with integrated synergistic catalysis, offering promising avenues for enhanced therapeutic strategies in oncology.