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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Soybean Hairy Root Transformation for the Analysis of Gene Function
Published on: May 5, 2023
The gibberellic acid responsive GmbHLHm1 transcription factor influences nodule development, nitrogen fixation
Die Hu1, Zhengyu Wen2, Nijat Imin3
1School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia; and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia.
Abstract:
GmbHLHm1 is a basic Helix-Loop-Helix membrane (bHLHm1) DNA binding transcription factor localized to the symbiosome membrane and nucleus in soybean (Glycine max ) nodules. Overexpression of GmbHLHm1 significantly increased nodule number and size, nitrogen fixation activity,and nitrogen delivery to the shoots. This contrasts with reduced nodule numbers per plant, nitrogen fixation activity and poor plant growth when silenced using RNAi. The promoter of GmbHLHm1 was found to be sensitive to exogenous GA supply, decreasing the level of GUS expression in transformed hairy roots in both nodules and roots and reducing native GmbHLHm1 expression in wild-type nodules. In summary, our study suggests that GmbHLHm1 positively regulates soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation, and that GA can negatively regulate GmbHLHm1 expression in soybean nodules.
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