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Nonfunctioning Kidney Due to Renal Tuberculosis: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Madhuri Singh1, Shirish Sahebrao Chandanwale1, Akshi Raj1

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Urogenital tuberculosis (TB), particularly renal TB, presents diagnostic challenges due to vague symptoms. Early recognition and treatment are vital to prevent kidney damage and complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Urology

Background:

  • Urogenital tuberculosis (TB) is a significant extrapulmonary manifestation, with renal TB being the most common form.
  • Nonspecific symptoms of renal TB often delay diagnosis and treatment, despite its prevalence (30%-40% of extrapulmonary TB cases).
  • Increased incidence of extrapulmonary TB is associated with organ transplantation and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical presentation of renal tuberculosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management of renal TB, especially in high-prevalence areas.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a case report focusing on the clinical presentation of renal TB.
  • Literature review on urogenital tuberculosis and its manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Renal TB presents with nonspecific symptoms such as pyuria, dysuria, fever, and flank pain.
  • Diagnostic challenges arise from the subtle and varied clinical presentation.
  • A mass related to hydronephrosis may be observed in affected kidneys.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians, particularly in high TB prevalence regions like India, must maintain a high index of suspicion for renal TB in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.
  • Prompt identification and treatment are essential to prevent irreversible kidney damage and associated complications.
  • Recognizing the clinical presentation is key to improving diagnosis and patient outcomes for renal TB.