Challenges in providing adequate nutrition to children with food intolerances: A case study from Pakistan

The aims of this research paper are (1) to identify the types of food intolerances, present among children; (2) To investigate the challenges families face in providing balanced nutrition for children with gluten & lactose intolerance; and (3) to evaluate the relationship between the severity of disease and the challenges in providing adequate nutrition.

A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative data was gathered through questionnaires and surveys to provide statistical insights, while qualitative information came from in-depth interviews with caregivers and focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers. This approach helped us truly grasp what families go through-not just the tangible struggles like money worries, but also the deeply personal ones, like emotional stress and the constant challenge of finding the right foods for kids with dietary intolerances.

The findings showed that 65% of families frequently encountered limited access to foods for special medical purposes, while 58% lack adequate information on suitable dietary options. Financial difficulties (reported by 72% of respondents) and time constraints (63%) emerged as the top issues affecting disease management. Factors such as parental education and income showed no significant impact on symptom severity (P > 0.05). However, a family history of intolerance (45%) and challenges in grocery shopping (52%) were significantly associated with more severe symptoms (P < 0.05).

Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including improved access to foods for special medical purposes, educational interventions for caregivers, and community-based support systems. Tailoring dietary recommendations to Pakistan's socioeconomic context is crucial for enhancing the nutritional well-being of children with food intolerances.