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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy
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Technologies for chimeric antigen receptor transgene delivery.

Yudian Xiao1, Bowen Wu1, Qiuping Zhou2

  • 1Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|June 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing safer immunotherapies, this review explores messenger RNA (mRNA) and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell engineering, offering a nonviral alternative to traditional methods.

Keywords:
cell immunotherapychimeric antigen receptorgene deliverylipid nanoparticlemRNAvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Cellular Engineering
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Ex vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy shows promise for blood cancers but faces risks like insertional mutagenesis from viral gene delivery.
  • Safe and effective nonviral methods for genetically modifying immune cells are crucial for advancing next-generation cancer and non-cancerous disease treatments.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) offers transient expression for CAR engineering, minimizing risks associated with permanent genetic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in mRNA-based CAR immune cell therapy.
  • To discuss delivery approaches and challenges of mRNA-LNP technology for CAR engineering.
  • To highlight the potential of mRNA-LNP CAR therapy in oncology and non-oncology applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on CAR T cell therapy, viral and nonviral gene delivery methods.
  • Analysis of mRNA as a nonviral vector for CAR expression in immune cells.
  • Examination of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a delivery system for mRNA in ex vivo and in vivo cell engineering.

Main Results:

  • mRNA-based CAR engineering presents a safer alternative to viral methods, mitigating insertional mutagenesis risks.
  • Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are effective nonviral vectors for delivering mRNA for CAR engineering.
  • mRNA-LNP technology enhances the safety and affordability of cell-based immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA-LNP technology is a significant advancement in developing safer and more accessible CAR immune cell therapies.
  • This approach holds potential for treating both cancer and noncancerous diseases.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing mRNA-LNP delivery and expanding applications in cell therapy.