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Protein acylations in cancer immunity: effects and therapeutic opportunities

Jia-Cheng Lai1, Yi-Ting Jiang1, Shougeng Liu1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Benxi, 117004, PR China.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|June 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Acylations, such as acetylation and lactylation, impact cancer immunity and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Targeting these modifications offers therapeutic potential to enhance antitumor immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acylations are crucial post-translational modifications regulating gene transcription and protein function.
  • These modifications are implicated in various diseases, including cancers.
  • Acylations' reversible nature presents therapeutic opportunities by targeting regulatory enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of various acylations on cancer immunity.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting acylations for cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the interplay between acylations and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of acylation types (acetylation, lactylation, palmitoylation, etc.).
  • Analysis of acylation roles in cancer immunity.
  • Examination of therapeutic targets related to acylation.

Main Results:

  • Acylations significantly influence the TIME and antitumor immunity.
  • Specific acylation types and their regulatory enzymes have distinct roles.
  • Targeting acylations can modulate immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Acylation manipulation is a promising strategy to enhance antitumor immunity.
  • Understanding diverse acylation roles can guide novel cancer therapies.
  • Further research into acylation-related enzymes and metabolites is warranted for therapeutic development.
Keywords:
acylationepigeneticsimmune escapeimmunotherapypost-translational modificationstumor immune microenvironment

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