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Gender Differences in Work and Well-Being in Later Life
1Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Research on Aging
|June 21, 2025
Summary
Working enhances subjective well-being (SWB) for older South Korean men, but not women. Education benefits SWB for both genders when working, yet a gender gap persists, requiring policy attention.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Sociology of Work
- Health Economics
Background:
- Subjective well-being (SWB) is crucial for aging populations.
- Understanding the impact of work status on SWB in later life is essential.
- Gender and education are key demographic factors influencing well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the longitudinal relationship between work status and SWB in older South Koreans.
- To investigate the moderating roles of gender and education in this association.
- To inform policy for improving well-being among older adults.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2020).
- Employed fixed-effects regression models for within-person longitudinal analysis.
- Stratified analyses by gender and educational level.
Main Results:
- A positive association between work status and SWB was found for men, but not for women.
- Both lower- and higher-educated individuals reported increased SWB when working.
- The gender gap in work-SWB association is not fully explained by educational disparities.
Conclusions:
- Work status positively impacts SWB for older men in South Korea, but this effect is absent for women.
- Educational attainment benefits SWB across genders when employed, but does not eliminate the gender disparity.
- Policies are needed to address barriers hindering women's SWB benefits from work and promote gender equity in well-being outcomes.
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