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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

29
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
29
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
43
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

36
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
36
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

35
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
35
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

42
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
42
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

55
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
55
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  11. Symptomatic Urinary Stone Disease In Kazakhstan: Hospitalization Trends From The National Electronic Healthcare System (2014-2021)

Symptomatic urinary stone disease in Kazakhstan: hospitalization trends from the national electronic healthcare system (2014-2021)

Makhmud Suleiman1, Yesbolat Sakko2, Aidana Mustafa2

  • 1Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. makhmudsuleiman@gmail.com.

Urolithiasis
|June 21, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary stone disease (USD) hospitalization rates in Kazakhstan from 2014-2021 were 1.31 per 1,000 people, with higher prevalence in southern urban areas and among older adults. Further data is needed to understand regional factors.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Urinary stone disease (USD) is a common global urological condition.
  • Kazakhstan's healthcare system collects extensive electronic health data.
  • Understanding USD prevalence is crucial for public health planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and trends of urinary stone disease (USD) hospitalizations in Kazakhstan.
  • To analyze demographic and regional disparities in USD hospitalizations.
  • To identify patterns in surgical interventions for USD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of hospitalization records from the Unified National Electronic Health System (UNEHS) from 2014 to 2021.
  • Inclusion of 162,538 hospitalization records from 132,915 patients diagnosed with urolithiasis.
Keywords:
EpidemiologyKazakhstanPublic healthUrinary stones

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  • Calculation of hospitalization prevalence rates per 1,000 individuals.

    • Main Results:

    • Overall hospitalization prevalence of USD was 1.31 per 1,000 individuals.
    • Highest USD hospitalization rates were observed in southern regions (Turkestan, Almaty).
    • Hospitalizations were most common in individuals aged 50+, with near-equal gender distribution; urban areas showed higher rates.

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights significant regional and urban-rural disparities in USD hospitalizations in Kazakhstan.
    • Findings indicate a need for more detailed epidemiological data, considering environmental and socioeconomic factors.
    • The results provide insights for targeted public health strategies and resource allocation for USD management.
    Urolithiasis