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Cyclodextrin-integrated molecularly imprinted polymer-based QCM sensor for sensitive, label-free detection of Gal3
Phoomintara Longsompurana1, Peter Wolschann2, Kittitat Subannajui3
1Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
Insights
A new label-free quartz crystal microbalance sensor detects Galectin-3 (Gal3), a biomarker for heart failure (HF). This innovative method offers rapid, sensitive, and specific Gal3 detection for improved HF diagnostics and monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Biomarker Detection
- Biosensor Technology
- Cardiovascular Diagnostics
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a global health challenge with high mortality.
- Elevated Galectin-3 (Gal3) serum levels are a key biomarker for HF detection and progression.
- Current diagnostic methods require rapid, sensitive, and straightforward Gal3 detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an innovative, label-free quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for Galectin-3 (Gal3) detection.
- To enable early diagnosis and monitoring of heart failure (HF).
Main Methods:
- Utilized a QCM sensor with hexakis-(6-mercapto-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (mCD) for oriented Gal3 template immobilization.
- Employed a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized via electropolymerization of poly-aniline-3-carboxylic acid (ANI3C) for specific Gal3 detection.
- Optimized sensor conditions and evaluated performance using imprinting factor (IF) and dissociation constant (KD).
Main Results:
- The MIP-based QCM sensor showed a high imprinting factor (IF) of 4.71 and a low dissociation constant (KD) of 2.03 nM, indicating strong Gal3 binding affinity.
- Achieved a linear detection range of 1-30 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.08 ng/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.61 ng/mL.
- Demonstrated excellent accuracy, precision, and no interference, successfully detecting Gal3 in human serum samples.
Conclusions:
- The developed label-free QCM sensor provides a sensitive and specific method for Gal3 detection.
- This technology holds significant potential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of heart failure (HF).
Abstract:
The global prevalence of heart failure (HF) poses a significant public health challenge. Elevated serum levels of Galectin-3 (Gal3) are a reliable biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of HF progression. Given the high mortality and morbidity associated with HF, early diagnosis is critical, necessitating a rapid, sensitive, and straightforward method for Gal3 detection. This study presents an innovative, label-free quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor designed for Gal3 detection. The sensor uses hexakis-(6-mercapto-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (mCD) to facilitate the oriented immobilization of the Gal3 template through self-assembly and employs a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for Gal3-specific detection. The mCD-integrated MIP was synthesized by electropolymerizing poly-aniline-3-carboxylic acid (ANI3C), chosen from 20 candidate polymers via molecular docking. Under optimal conditions, the MIP-based QCM sensor demonstrated an imprinting factor (IF) of 4.71 and an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 2.03 nM. This indicates a stronger binding affinity compared to the non-molecularly imprinted polymer (NIP), which exhibited a KD of 26.75 nM. The sensor exhibits a linear detection range of 1-30 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.08 ng/mL (S/N = 3) and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.61 ng/mL (S/N = 10). It demonstrated excellent accuracy and precision with no interference, and successfully detected Gal3 in lipid-free human serum, highlighting its potential for in heart failure diagnostics and monitoring.
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