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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

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Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
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Assessment of radial pulse

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Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
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Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

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Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing

Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing

Published on: February 16, 2017

Comparing Raynaud's phenomenon attack measurement tools: paper or smartphone application?

Rachel S Wallwork¹, Haomin Hu², Ami A Shah¹

¹Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism

|June 21, 2025

Summary

A new smartphone app is preferred for tracking Raynaud

Keywords:

Outcome measure Raynaud phenomenon Smart phone application or app (journal preference for term)Systemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Digital Health
Patient-Reported Outcomes

Background:

Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) is often monitored using traditional paper diaries.
Accurate recording of RP attack frequency, duration, and severity is crucial for patient management.
Limitations of paper diaries include potential recall bias and lower patient engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy and patient preference of a smartphone application versus a traditional paper diary for recording RP attacks.
To evaluate the accuracy and real-time documentation capabilities of each method.

Main Methods:

A multicenter study randomized patients with Systemic Sclerosis-associated RP (SSc-RP) to use either a paper diary or a smartphone app for one week.
Participants then switched to the alternative method for a second week.
Patient preference and documentation accuracy were assessed via questionnaires and data comparison.

Main Results:

Patients significantly preferred the smartphone application over the paper diary (92% vs. 58%).
Real-time documentation was higher with the smartphone app (71% vs. 38%), though not statistically significant.
More attacks were reported with the paper diary, but severity and duration were comparable.

Conclusions:

Smartphone applications offer a preferred and potentially more accurate method for documenting RP attacks.
Real-time data capture via apps can reduce recall bias in clinical studies.
Future research and clinical trials should consider utilizing smartphone-based tools for RP monitoring.