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Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

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Exercise Doppler Echocardiography of the Right Heart and Pulmonary Circulation in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk

Mariarosaria De Luca1, Francesco Ferrara2, Luna Gargani3

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.

Chest
|June 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) show impaired right ventricle-pulmonary artery function at rest and during exercise. This dysfunction impacts exercise capacity and is linked to adverse outcomes, even without diagnosed heart disease.

Keywords:
RV pulmonary artery couplingcardiovascular risk factorsdiabetesdyslipidemiapulmonary circulationright ventricle

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • The impact of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) on the right ventricle-pulmonary circulation unit is not fully understood.
  • Investigating right ventricular function in individuals with CVRFs but no overt cardiovascular disease is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare resting and exercise right ventricular function between patients with CVRFs and healthy controls.
  • To assess right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling and pulmonary vascular function in these groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 362 patients with CVRFs and 375 healthy controls from the Right Heart International Network registry.
  • Resting and exercise echocardiography using a semirecumbent cycle ergometer.
  • Assessment of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling (TAPSE/sPAP) and pulmonary vascular function (mPAP/CO slope).

Main Results:

  • Patients with CVRFs demonstrated reduced TAPSE/sPAP and a steeper mPAP/CO slope compared to controls (P < .001).
  • Individuals with CVRFs exhibited poorer exercise capacity and chronotropic incompetence.
  • The presence of CVRFs was associated with adverse clinical outcomes (1 event vs. 12 events, P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Patients with CVRFs exhibit echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial uncoupling at rest and during exercise.
  • Elevated dynamic pulmonary vascular resistance in CVRF patients is relevant to their reduced exercise capacity.
  • CVRFs significantly impact right ventricular function and clinical outcomes.