Trends in polysaccharide-based hydrogels for skin anti-aging and skin antioxidant

Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with oxidative stress playing a central role in accelerating dermal damage, pigmentation, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In recent years, polysaccharide-based hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for anti-aging and antioxidant skincare due to their excellent biocompatibility, moisture retention, and bioactivity. This review highlights the mechanisms of skin aging, the pathological role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the need for effective, natural interventions. We explore diverse polysaccharides-such as alginate, carrageenan, agarose, cellulose, chitosan, β-glucan, hyaluronic acid, pectin, and starch-and their unique contributions to hydrogel performance in skin applications. Crosslinking strategies, including physical, chemical, enzymatic, click chemistry, and 3D printing, are discussed for tailoring hydrogel structure and function. We also examine the underlying mechanisms through which these hydrogels act: enhancing skin hydration, scavenging ROS, delivering antioxidants, reducing inflammation, and protecting against UV-induced photoaging. Together, these systems offer a synergistic approach to maintaining skin health and reversing age-related deterioration. With continued innovation in material design and delivery technologies, polysaccharide-based hydrogels represent a sustainable and powerful platform for next-generation anti-aging skincare solutions.