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Opioid Consumption Patterns Before and After Elective Joint Surgery.

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Opioid use after joint replacement surgery is common, with 39% of preoperative users continuing use 10-12 months later. This highlights the need for strategies to manage opioid prescribing in total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Opioid use poses risks like addiction and overdose.
  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty are common elective procedures.
  • These surgeries aim to reduce pain but can lead to chronic opioid use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze opioid utilization patterns after total joint arthroplasty.
  • To identify factors associated with persistent postoperative opioid use.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 8,886 patients undergoing TKA or total hip arthroplasty (March 2018-May 2023).
  • Preoperative opioid users defined as those with ≥2 opioid prescriptions in the 3 months prior to surgery.
  • Chi-square test used to compare opioid use at 10-12 months postoperatively.

Main Results:

  • 24% of patients were identified as preoperative opioid users.
  • 39% of preoperative opioid users continued opioid use 10-12 months postoperatively, versus 9% of non-users (P < 0.05).
  • Female sex and undergoing TKA were associated with higher likelihood of persistent opioid use.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding postoperative opioid use is crucial for minimizing overprescribing.
  • A significant proportion of patients, especially preoperative opioid users, continue opioid use long after joint replacement.
  • Further research, including multivariate analysis, is warranted to confirm findings and inform clinical practice.