Imaging of Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders represent a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by abnormal lymphoid tissue proliferation in the context of immune dysregulation. These disorders can range from benign reactive hyperplasia to overt malignant lymphoma and are strongly associated with conditions such as congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, chronic immunosuppressive therapy, and viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the most common immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders subtypes, their pathogenesis, imaging features, and clinical management. The role of high-resolution computed tomography in the detection, characterization, and differential diagnosis of these entities is highlighted, with a focus on practical radiologic-pathologic correlations.