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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
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Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

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Coronary microvascular dysfunction: Phenotype-specific targeted therapies

Gianluca Mincione1, Matteo Maurina2, Alice Benedetti3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine : Including Molecular Interventions
|June 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is frequently underdiagnosed and lacks effective treatments. This review details its pathology and associated syndromes to guide tailored diagnosis and therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a significant clinical challenge.
  • It is often underdiagnosed, leading to delayed or inappropriate patient management.
  • Limited therapeutic options currently exist for CMD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of coronary microvascular dysfunction pathology.
  • To correlate CMD with specific linked syndromic presentations.
  • To propose tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CMD based on its clinical associations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on CMD pathology and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of syndromic presentations associated with CMD.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of the underlying pathophysiology of CMD.
  • Identification of key syndromic patterns linked to CMD.
  • Outline of evidence-based diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CMD pathology and its syndromic links is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies can improve outcomes for patients with CMD.
  • Further research is needed to expand therapeutic options for this condition.

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