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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
Published on: November 12, 2014
Psychosis and diving
Abraham L Querido1,2,3, Thijs T Wingelaar2,4
1Praktijk Querido, Hilversum, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
Psychotic disorders, characterised by impaired reality testing and a spectrum of symptoms, present significant challenges in assessing fitness for diving. While diving can be a safe and rewarding activity, the unique physiological and environmental stresses of hyperbaric conditions can exacerbate psychotic vulnerability or mimic psychotic symptoms. This article reviews the literature on psychosis and diving, exploring the implications of psychotic disorders, psychotropic medications, and hyperbaric effects. It highlights the critical importance of illness insight, the absence of comorbid conditions, and complete remission in determining diving fitness. Key recommendations include avoiding deep dives, careful evaluation of medication use, and a nuanced differentiation between chronic and transient psychoses. By synthesizing existing evidence, this article aims to guide diving medicine professionals in making informed decisions about psychosis and diving suitability.
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