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Impact of Implementing Nasal High Flow Therapy on Body Growth in Preterm Infants

Rosemarie de Ridder1,2, Trixie Andrea Katz3,4, Anton H van Kaam3,4

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, r.deridder@amsterdamumc.nl.

Neonatology
|June 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Nasal high flow (nHF) therapy did not affect body growth in preterm infants at 6 months corrected age. This study assessed lung growth and respiratory outcomes in infants born before 30 weeks gestation.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Preterm infants often experience impaired lung development.
  • Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a standard treatment.
  • Nasal high flow (nHF) is an alternative therapy for respiratory support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of nasal high flow (nHF) implementation on lung growth in preterm infants.
  • To compare body weight and length at 6 months corrected age (CA) between nHF and nCPAP groups.
  • To assess the impact of nHF on respiratory management and neonatal morbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of preterm infants (<30 weeks gestation).
  • Comparison between nCPAP (2009-2012) and nHF (2015-2018) cohorts.
  • Body weight and length at 6 months CA used as proxies for lung growth; multivariate analysis performed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in body weight or length at 6 months CA between nCPAP and nHF groups.
  • No differences in moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  • nHF associated with longer continuous distending pressure (CDP) duration, increased oxygen days, and a shift towards more severe BPD.

Conclusions:

  • Nasal high flow (nHF) implementation did not impact body growth, a proxy for lung growth, at 6 months corrected age in preterm infants.
  • Further research may be needed to fully understand the long-term respiratory implications of nHF in this population.

Keywords:
Lung developmentNasal high flow therapyPreterm infants

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