Adolescent nutritional influences on the brain: implications for eating behaviors

Adolescence represents a life stage in which vast physiological and neuroendocrine changes contribute to rapid growth and development. Throughout this transition from childhood to adulthood, the adolescent brain is in a critical developmental period. This is especially true for the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, essential areas for executive functioning. The formation of lasting synaptic connections and dynamic plasticity within the adolescent brain make it especially vulnerable to environmental insults, such as a poor-quality diet. Herein, we review research pertaining to the period of adolescence with respect to food intake control as well as the impact of the modern food environment on the development of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and discuss implications for ingestive behaviors throughout rest of life.