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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

473
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
473
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

429
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
429
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

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Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
304
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

898
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
898
First Pass Effect01:12

First Pass Effect

6.7K
Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
Depending on the route of administration, drugs can be metabolized in the liver, intestine, lungs, and vasculature. Orally administered drugs are first absorbed through the...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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A Brief Review on Transdermal Patches.

Shubham Singh1, Dharmendra Singh Rajput2, Naveen Gupta2

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Rai University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi = Zhongguo Yingyong Shenglixue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology
|June 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transdermal drug delivery systems offer controlled medication release through skin patches, overcoming oral route challenges. However, skin

Keywords:
Di-N- butylphthalateHydrin rubberPolyvinylalcoholPolyvinylchlorideSilicon rubberTransdermal drug delivery systemTransdermal patchTriethylcitrate

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer an alternative to traditional oral administration.
  • TDDS utilize medicated adhesive patches for controlled medication release directly into the bloodstream via the skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of transdermal patches.
  • To discuss the types, preparation methods, and influencing factors of transdermal patches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of transdermal drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of transdermal patches.
  • Overview of transdermal patch preparation and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Transdermal patches provide controlled drug release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
  • The skin's barrier function limits TDDS to small-molecule drugs.
  • Various types and preparation methods exist for transdermal patches.

Conclusions:

  • Transdermal drug delivery presents a viable alternative for specific medications.
  • Understanding preparation methods and influencing factors is crucial for effective TDDS design.
  • Further research may overcome skin barrier limitations for larger molecules.