Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 18, 2025
05:33
Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
Published on: August 12, 2013
21.8K
Minimizing Solvent-Coordination in Ether Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries under Extreme Operating Conditions
Haipeng Zhu1, Qiangfeng Zhang1, Kefei Wang2
1State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 23, 2025
Summary
This study enhances lithium metal batteries (LMBs) by modifying ether electrolytes with DENE and HFAA additives. These modifications improve high-voltage stability and performance across extreme conditions, enabling advanced battery applications.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science
- Battery Technology
Background:
- Ether-based electrolytes are promising for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) but suffer from low oxidation stability (<4.5 V).
- This instability limits their practical application in high-performance energy storage systems.
- Developing stable electrolytes is crucial for advancing LMB technology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance the high-voltage performance and stability of LMBs using ether-based electrolytes.
- To overcome the limitations of traditional ether solvents by employing novel additives.
- To demonstrate the feasibility of LMBs under extreme operating conditions.
Main Methods:
- Modification of ether electrolytes using fluoroethers, nitrile ethers, and highly fluorinated additives.
- Investigation of ethylene glycol bis(propionitrile) ether (DENE) for enhanced oxidation stability.
- Utilizing heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFAA) to form a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).
- Synergistic use of DENE and HFAA to minimize solvent coordination and promote Li+ desolvation.
Main Results:
- DENE increased the electrochemical window to ≥5 V by inhibiting lone-pair electron loss on ether oxygen.
- HFAA facilitated the formation of a LiF-rich SEI, ensuring uniform Li+ deposition/stripping and high reversibility.
- The modified electrolytes enabled NCM811 cathodes to operate stably at ultrahigh voltage (4.7 V), ultrahigh rate (20 C), and an ultrawide temperature range (-30 to 120 °C).
- Stable operation was achieved in a 30 Ah high-capacity Li metal pouch cell and a 502.7 Wh kg-1 high-energy density Li metal pouch cell.
Conclusions:
- The synergistic combination of DENE and HFAA significantly enhances the electrochemical stability and performance of ether-based electrolytes for LMBs.
- These modified electrolytes enable stable operation of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes under extreme conditions.
- The developed system holds great promise for next-generation high-energy density and high-power lithium metal batteries.
Keywords:
electrochemical performanceextreme operating conditionsinterphase stabilitylithium metal batteriesminimizing solvent‐coordinationMore Related Videos
11:04Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
Published on: December 20, 2016
13.1K
05:37Rapid in-silico Battery Electrolyte Electrochemical Reaction Generation using 3T-VASP Multi-Scale Energy Minimization
Published on: August 22, 2025
88
Related Concept Videos
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
550
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
550
01:17Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions
3.8K
Esters are reduced to primary alcohols when treated with a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent and proceeds via an aldehyde intermediate.
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...
3.8K
02:21Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions
64.1K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
64.1K
02:23Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
10.8K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
10.8K
01:19Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
3.1K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
3.1K
03:45Formation of Complex Ions
24.0K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.0K