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Robust and Fast-Transforming Soft Microrobots Driven by Low Magnetic Field.

Yuanyuan Wang1, Haili Qin1, Niu Liu1

  • 1Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed robust, fast-transforming soft microrobots using a novel magnetic domain assembly method. These low-power magnetic microrobots exhibit enhanced stability and rapid shape-morphing capabilities for advanced applications.

Keywords:
3D printingdomain orientationmagnetic actuationmechanical performancesoft microrobot

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Area of Science:

  • Soft robotics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Magnetic actuation

Background:

  • Soft microrobots offer advantages like maneuverability and biocompatibility but face challenges in balancing mechanical stability and responsiveness.
  • Low-power actuation is desirable for microrobot safety and cost-effectiveness, relying on precise magnetic domain control.
  • Traditional multi-domain magnetic microstructures often compromise performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a magnetic domain assembly method for fabricating robust soft microrobots.
  • To achieve fast transforming behaviors in microrobots using low magnetic fields.
  • To overcome the trade-offs between mechanical stability and responsiveness in traditional microrobot designs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a composite ink with polyacrylamide chains grafted onto single-domain ferromagnetic NdFeB nanostructures.
  • Utilizing magnetic field-assisted 3D printing to achieve precise control over magnetic domain orientation in ultrafine filaments (80 µm).
  • Characterization of microrobot properties, including actuation speed, mechanical toughness, and stretchability.

Main Results:

  • Uniform magnetic alignment enabled complex and rapid shape morphing in under 1 second, even with low NdFeB content (less than 2 wt.%).
  • Achieved a tenfold increase in mechanical toughness and 1600% stretchability due to uniform magnetic alignment.
  • Demonstrated top-performing actuation at low magnetic fields (3-15 mT), showcasing multimodal locomotion and tasking capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The magnetic domain assembly method successfully creates robust soft microrobots with fast transforming behaviors powered by low magnetic fields.
  • This approach enhances mechanical properties and actuation performance, overcoming limitations of traditional microrobot designs.
  • The developed microrobots show significant potential for next-generation soft robotics applications.