Cardiovascular and Non-Cardiovascular Complications of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Degenerative aortic valve stenosis is becoming a more prevalent disease, and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) offers a treatment option for patients who are at high surgical risk. This manuscript reviews cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications associated with TAVI. A search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the terms "transcatheter aortic valve implantation" and each keyword referring to potential complications, with the Boolean operator "AND" used to allow us to obtain documents containing two or more keywords simultaneously. The most frequent cardiovascular complications were hemorrhage and vascular access-related complications (2.93%-24%), new-onset left bundle branch block (13.3%-37%), and myocardial injury (95%-100%). Among non-cardiovascular complications, stroke and subclinical brain injury occurred in 1.6%-5% of cases; acute kidney injury, in 11.7%; and delirium, in 17.8%-23.7%. Described mortality ranges from 1.1% to 4.2%. This narrative review provides a multidimensional perspective of TAVI complications by addressing both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications. Non-cardiovascular complications, such as delirium, negatively influence mortality.