Atypical Injuries of the Elbow in Children: A Case Series

Fractures occurring in the elbow region of children and adolescents pose a notable challenge for orthopedic surgeons due to the complex anatomy and developmental stages of the humerus. Capitulum fractures, a rare form of elbow injury, are classified into three types according to the Bryan and Morrey classification system. Monteggia fractures, a rare occurrence in children, involve a combination of ulna break and radial head dislocation, with Monteggia equivalent fractures expanding upon traditional classifications. The distinction lies in Monteggia equivalent fractures (MEFs) not always involving proximal radioulnar joint separation. Pediatric cases are further complicated by immature radiocapitellar epiphysis, potentially leading to misdiagnosis or neglect due to concealed joint presentation. This article highlights these rare elbow injuries, emphasizing the need for specialized attention and management. This article presents a case series of four patients with rare elbow injuries that were diagnosed and treated operatively and followed until union with acceptable functional outcome, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and treatment in such cases. Fractures around the elbow in children present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to complex anatomy. Capitulum and Monteggia equivalent fractures require careful management to prevent complications. Prompt recognition and treatment, be it closed reduction or open reduction, are crucial for optimal outcomes. Further research on neglected lateral humeral condyle (LHC) fractures is needed to inform clinical decisions.