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Mumps Vaccine-Associated Aseptic Meningitis Complicated by Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

Maho Yuki1, Tatsuya Kinoshita1, Saori Yamada1

  • 1Pediatrics, Ina Central Hospital, Ina, JPN.

Cureus
|June 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A rare case of aseptic meningitis occurred in a teen after mumps vaccination. This highlights the importance of considering vaccine-associated meningitis in patients with neurological symptoms and SIADH post-vaccination.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Aseptic meningitis is a rare adverse event associated with mumps vaccination.
  • Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) can present with neurological symptoms.

Observation:

  • A 15-year-old male presented with headache and hyponatremia, diagnosed with SIADH.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed pleocytosis and elevated protein, indicating aseptic meningitis.
  • Mumps virus, identical to the Torii vaccine strain, was detected in the CSF via PCR.

Findings:

  • The patient received the mumps vaccine 27 days prior to symptom onset.
  • Direct sequencing confirmed the mumps virus in CSF was the vaccine strain.
  • This case demonstrates a direct link between mumps vaccination and vaccine-associated aseptic meningitis.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider vaccine-associated aseptic meningitis in patients with neurological symptoms and SIADH after mumps vaccination.
  • Early recognition of central nervous system involvement is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Vaccination history is essential for diagnosing aseptic meningitis, even when immunization occurs outside routine ages.
Keywords:
aseptic meningitishyponatremiamumps vaccinepediatricssyndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh)vaccine-associated adverse events

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