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Pulmonary Symptoms After Mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study
Megan Koster1, Lisa D Moore2,1, Lanny S Inabnit1
1Respiratory Care, Boise State University, Boise, USA.
Cureus
|June 23, 2025
Summary
Persistent long COVID symptoms like dyspnea after mild infection may stem from fatigue, not lung impairment. Further research is needed to understand these post-COVID conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Post-COVID Conditions
Background:
- Patients report persistent or new symptoms weeks/months after COVID-19, even mild cases.
- Pulmonary sequelae are challenging to treat, especially after mild acute COVID-19.
- Limited data exists on long COVID pulmonary issues following mild infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review diagnostic testing for long COVID symptoms post-mild COVID-19.
- Investigate potential causes of persistent pulmonary symptoms in this population.
- Provide insights into the pathophysiology of long COVID in mild cases.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of patients undergoing Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) and 6-minute walk tests (6MWTs).
- Inclusion criteria: mild acute COVID-19 phase, long COVID symptoms, PFT/6MWT, services between March 2020-September 2023.
- Analyzed relationships between dyspnea, fatigue, PFTs, and 6MWT using correlation coefficients.
Main Results:
- Weak correlations found between dyspnea and airway impairment, gas exchange, and 6-minute walk test distance (6MWTD).
- A strong positive correlation was observed between dyspnea and fatigue.
- Sample size limits definitive conclusions but highlights research needs.
Conclusions:
- Lung function impairment severity does not correlate with dyspnea severity in mild COVID-19 survivors.
- Pulmonary function issues are likely not the primary driver of dyspnea in this cohort.
- Dyspnea and fatigue may be interconnected, exacerbating each other in long COVID.
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