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Racial and Ethnic Inequities to Cumulative Environmental and Occupational Impacts in Michigan
Abas Shkembi1, Sung Kyun Park1,2, Jon Zelner2,3
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor MI USA.
Geohealth
|June 23, 2025
Summary
Occupational exposures significantly contribute to cumulative environmental impacts, disproportionately affecting minority communities and historically redlined areas. Ignoring these workplace risks in environmental justice (EJ) assessments can overlook vulnerable populations.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Occupational Health
- Environmental Justice
Background:
- Cumulative environmental impacts are increasingly recognized, but the role of occupational exposures remains understudied.
- Environmental justice (EJ) research often overlooks workplace exposures, potentially leading to incomplete assessments of community burdens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize communities with high cumulative occupational and environmental exposures.
- To determine if marginalized, historically redlined neighborhoods are disproportionately affected.
- To evaluate the impact of excluding occupational exposures from EJ screening tools in Michigan.
Main Methods:
- Combined occupational and environmental exposure data with demographic and historical redlining information at the census tract level.
- Utilized supervised and unsupervised statistical methods to analyze exposure distributions and disparities.
- Integrated occupational indicators into the Michigan EJ screening tool (MiEJScreen) to assess its comprehensiveness.
Main Results:
- 27% of Michigan census tracts exhibited high cumulative occupational and environmental exposures, predominantly in urban areas.
- Tracts with higher minority populations had significantly higher odds of cumulative high exposures.
- Historical redlining was associated with increased odds of high cumulative exposures when considering both occupational and environmental factors.
Conclusions:
- Excluding occupational exposures from EJ screening tools can lead to the oversight of significant environmental and occupational burdens for hundreds of thousands of individuals.
- Comprehensive cumulative impact assessments must integrate occupational exposures to accurately identify environmental justice hotspots and ensure equitable protection.
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