Augmented reality in total knee arthroplasty: Balancing precision, promise, and challenges in surgical innovation

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes digital information onto real-world objects via head-mounted display devices to improve surgical finesse through visually enhanced medical information. With the rapid development of digital technology, AR has been increasingly adopted in orthopedic surgeries across the globe, especially in total knee arthroplasty procedures which demand high precision. By overlaying digital information onto the surgeon's field of view, AR systems enhance precision, improve alignment accuracy, and reduce the risk of complications associated with malalignment. Some concerns have been raised despite accuracy, including the learning curve, long-term outcomes, and technical limitations. Furthermore, it is essential for health practitioners to gain trust in the utilisation of AR.