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Gender-Affirmation Surgery in Denmark: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study
Dorte Glintborg1,2, Tanja Gram Petersen3, Katrine Hass Rubin3,4
1Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Transgender Health
|June 23, 2025
Summary
Gender affirmation surgery (GAS) incidence increased significantly for transgender individuals in Denmark between 2000-2018, with reduced waiting times. Genital constructive GAS was rarely performed.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Public health
- Sociology
Background:
- Gender affirmation surgery (GAS) involves procedures to align physical characteristics with gender identity.
- Limited national data exist on GAS trends and outcomes.
- Understanding GAS patterns is crucial for transgender healthcare and policy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess trends in Gender Affirmation Surgery (GAS) among Danish transgender persons.
- To analyze changes in waiting times for GAS procedures.
- To determine the incidence of genital constructive GAS.
Main Methods:
- A national register-based cohort study was conducted.
- Included Danish transgender persons diagnosed with "gender identity disorder" (ICD-10) from 2000-2021.
- Surgical procedure codes were tracked up to June 2022.
Main Results:
- The cohort comprised 3812 transgender individuals (1993 assigned female at birth, 1819 assigned male at birth).
- Five-year cumulative incidence of GAS increased substantially for both AFAB and AMAB individuals between 2000-2018.
- Mean waiting times for GAS, top surgery, and genital surgery decreased over the study period.
Conclusions:
- GAS incidence rose, and waiting times decreased for transgender persons diagnosed between 2000-2018.
- Genital constructive GAS remains uncommon in the Danish transgender population.
