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Related Concept Videos

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
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Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe

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On-Road Portable Emission Measurement Systems Test Data Analysis and Light-Duty Vehicle In-Use Emissions Development.

SoDuk Lee1, Carl R Fulper1, Daniel Cullen1

  • 1US Environmental Protection Agency, USA.

SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) enable real-world vehicle emissions testing. The US EPA uses PEMS to evaluate light-duty vehicle energy consumption and emissions, supporting regulatory development and inventory assessment.

Keywords:
12V Start-Stop TechnologyCO2FTPHwFET and WLTC TestsLow-voltage Micro and Mild HybridsNOx and CO EmissionsPortable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS)RDE EmissionsReal WorldUS06Vehicle Electrificationdynamometer test

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Automotive engineering
  • Regulatory science

Background:

  • The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) utilizes Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) for real-world vehicle emissions assessment.
  • PEMS data supports crucial EPA programs including vehicle modeling, emissions compliance, and regulatory development.
  • Understanding in-use driving conditions' effects on pollutants like NOx and CO2 is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate light-duty vehicle energy and European Union (EU) Real Driving Emissions (RDE) using PEMS data.
  • To develop and validate a data-driven model for PEMS emissions analysis.
  • To compare PEMS methodologies with established chassis dynamometer tests (e.g., FTP) and EU RDE procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized measured PEMS emissions test data for model development and validation.
  • Applied EU RDE procedures to PEMS test data.
  • Compared PEMS results with FTP and other EPA chassis dynamometer test data.

Main Results:

  • A simple, data-driven model was successfully developed and validated using PEMS data.
  • Comparison of PEMS methodologies with EU RDE and traditional dynamometer tests provided insights into real-world emissions.
  • Analysis included light-duty vehicles with 12V Start-Stop technology and those using gasoline and diesel fuels.

Conclusions:

  • PEMS provides valuable data for evaluating real-world vehicle emissions and energy use.
  • The developed data-driven model aids in analyzing PEMS data for regulatory and inventory purposes.
  • This research supports the development of UNECE Global Technical Regulations and EPA's mobile source emission inventory.