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Common Neural Correlates for Subjective and Objective Sleepiness Indices: A Functional Connectivity Study.

Yuki Motomura1,2, Shingo Kitamura1, Kentaro Oba1,3

  • 1Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan.

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This study found common brain connectivity patterns for both subjective and objective sleepiness. These findings highlight potential neural markers for sleepiness and its underlying brain mechanisms.

Keywords:
default mode networkfunctional connectivitymiddle temporal cortexpsychomotor vigilance tasksleepinessthalamus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Subjective and objective measures of sleepiness, like the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), are crucial for understanding sleep debt.
  • Functional brain connectivity offers a method to explore common neural substrates underlying different states of arousal.
  • Identifying shared neural mechanisms can lead to more robust markers for sleepiness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of functional brain connectivity common to both subjective and objective sleepiness.
  • To explore commonalities in brain connectivity during rest and task performance (PVT) using fMRI.
  • To identify robust neural markers for sleepiness that are independent of task demands.

Main Methods:

  • 16 healthy adult men participated in a 14-day study involving extended sleep, total sleep deprivation, and recovery sleep.
  • Subjective sleepiness was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and objective sleepiness using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT).
  • Resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to measure brain connectivity, analyzed with a general linear mixed model.

Main Results:

  • Functional connectivity in six pairs of brain regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex-posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus-middle temporal cortex, was significantly associated with sleepiness.
  • Connectivity within the default mode network (anterior cingulate cortex-posterior cingulate cortex) showed a strong link to sleepiness.
  • The thalamus-middle temporal cortex connection emerged as a potentially novel network related to sleepiness.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests a common neural substrate for subjective and objective sleepiness, providing important indicators for sleepiness.
  • The identified functional connectivity between the thalamus and middle temporal cortex warrants further investigation in sleep research.
  • The findings offer new perspectives on how sleep deprivation affects the brain and manifests as sleepiness.