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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Identifying stream temperature variation by coupling meteorological, hydrological, and water temperature models.

Chunling Tang¹, Valeria Garcia²

¹Office of Research, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Journal of the American Water Resources Association

|June 23, 2025

Summary

This study coupled the River Basin Model (RBM) with VIC and WRF models to simulate Mississippi River Basin (MRB) water temperatures. Projections show significant warming, potentially impacting fish survival and exacerbating Gulf of Mexico dead zones.

Keywords:

RBM model VIC model WRF model water temperature

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Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

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Published on: September 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Environmental modeling
Hydrology
Climate science

Background:

Accurate water temperature modeling is crucial for understanding riverine ecosystems.
The Mississippi River Basin (MRB) faces potential impacts from climate change on its water resources.
Existing hydrological models require integration with water temperature modules for comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a coupled hydrological and water temperature model for the MRB.
To assess the sensitivity of MRB water temperatures to air temperature changes.
To project future stream temperature trends under climate change scenarios.

Main Methods:

Coupling the River Basin Model (RBM) with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) and Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) models.
Physically based semi-Lagrangian approach for water temperature simulation.
Validation against observed water temperature data from six MRB river gages.

Main Results:

The coupled VIC-RBM model accurately simulates observed water temperatures in the MRB.
A 3.0°C uniform air temperature increase could raise MRB water temperatures by 1.3-1.8°C.
A 6.0°C air temperature increase could elevate water temperatures by 3.3-4.0°C.
Projected stream temperatures (2020-2099) show a 1.0-8.0°C increase, exceeding native fish survival thresholds in some areas.

Conclusions:

The coupled VIC-RBM model provides a robust tool for MRB water temperature assessment.
Projected warming poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and fisheries in the MRB.
Increased water temperatures will likely interact with nutrient loading, worsening harmful algal blooms and dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.