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Microbial Corrosion01:24

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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...

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High Throughput Single-cell and Multiple-cell Micro-encapsulation
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Cell macroencapsulation devices in contemporary research: A systematic review.

Murillo D L Bernardi1, Natascha Rus2, Robin W M Vernooij1

  • 1University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Nephrology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Regenerative Therapy
|June 23, 2025
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Cell macroencapsulation devices (CMDs) offer therapeutic potential but face fragmented development. Standardizing CMD protocols is crucial for advancing this innovative technology across diverse applications.

Keywords:
BioencapsulationBiomedical devicesCell encapsulationImplantationTherapeutic delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Cell macroencapsulation devices (CMDs) integrate living cells within protective biomaterial structures for therapeutic applications.
  • Current CMD development is fragmented, lacking a unified approach across different medical fields.
  • This fragmentation hinders the translation of CMD technology into widespread clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing evidence on implantable CMDs.
  • To establish a comprehensive framework for CMD development and evaluation.
  • To identify barriers and propose solutions for advancing CMD technology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies on implantable CMDs.
  • Analysis of studies based on device materials, design, cell types, implantation, and evaluation methods.
  • Cataloging key evaluation parameters including cell viability, host response, and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • CMD development has progressed in application-specific silos with diverse materials, cell sources (xenogeneic to autologous), and assessment techniques.
  • Key evaluation metrics encompass cell survival, functionality, host tissue reactions (inflammation, vascularization, fibrosis), and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Successful CMD implementations exist, but a lack of standardized protocols impedes cross-application progress.

Conclusions:

  • The fragmented nature of CMD development, characterized by varied approaches and evaluation metrics, presents a significant obstacle.
  • Standardized development and evaluation frameworks are essential to accelerate CMD advancement and facilitate broader therapeutic applications.
  • A unified approach will enable more efficient translation of CMD technology from research to clinical practice.