Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 18, 2025
05:55
Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
Published on: December 1, 2023
973
Cladribine tablets in the new multiple sclerosis era
Fabio Buttari1,2, Ettore Dolcetti2,3, Francesca Romana Rizzo4
1Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
|June 23, 2025
Summary
Cladribine tablets (CladT) offer a novel approach to treating multiple sclerosis (MS) by selectively modulating the immune system. This therapy effectively reduces neurological damage and disability progression in MS patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Clinical Therapeutics
- Autoimmune Diseases
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and irreversible neurological damage.
- Current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) aim to manage MS, but advancements are needed for sustained efficacy and improved safety profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the therapeutic potential and clinical efficacy of cladribine tablets (CladT) in treating MS.
- To examine CladT's immune reconstitution mechanism, CNS effects, and impact on long-term outcomes and quality of life.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of clinical trials and real-world studies on cladribine tablets for MS treatment.
- Analysis of CladT's effects on immune cells, CNS markers, lesion activity, and patient-reported outcomes.
Main Results:
- CladT selectively targets lymphocytes, leading to sustained immune modulation with preserved innate immunity and immunoglobulin levels.
- CladT reduces MS relapse rates, disability progression, and MRI-detected disease activity, including active and slowly expanding lesions.
- Evidence suggests CladT penetrates the blood-brain barrier, reducing CSF immunological markers like oligoclonal bands and neurofilament light chain.
Conclusions:
- Cladribine tablets represent a significant advance in MS management, offering high efficacy and a favorable safety profile.
- Early, high-efficacy treatment with CladT is crucial for optimizing long-term outcomes and reducing disability accumulation in active MS.
- Emerging biomarkers may enable personalized treatment strategies, further enhancing CladT's role in the evolving MS therapeutic landscape.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF
240
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
240
01:21Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids
210
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
210
01:29Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents
278
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
278
01:29Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD
244
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
244
01:22Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
265
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
265
01:29Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
204
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Pharmacologic...
204