Real-Life Experiences of Self-Capacity Management in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Qualitative Study

Capacity overload is a persistent risk throughout the progression of heart failure. And effective capacity management can help patients control fluid retention and improve capacity overload, which is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, current research often focuses on physiological and pathological mechanisms, with limited exploration of the psychological and social factors influencing patients' self-management behaviors. Additionally, while many studies have addressed the importance of capacity management, there are remains a gap in understanding how patients' experiences with capacity management strategies can be optimized to improve adherence and long-term outcomes.

This study aims to explore the personal experiences of CHF patients regarding self-capacity management, identify the barriers they face in implementing self-management behaviors, and examine factors contributing to non-adherence. The goal is to provide a foundation for future intervention strategies.

A qualitative descriptive design was employed, using semi-structured in-depth interviews with CHF patients. The transcribed data were coded and analyzed thematically based on Colaizzi's phenomenological data analysis method. NVivo 14 software was employed for the analysis.

The findings reveal that individuals with CHF encounter various barriers to effective self-capacity management. These barriers not only hinder their understanding and application of management strategies but also reduce their intrinsic motivation to adopt and sustain healthy behaviors. Four themes were identified: (1) Symptom distress leading to changes in daily behavior, (2) Barriers to implementing capacity management behaviors, (3) Low awareness of capacity management, and (4) Lack of knowledge regarding capacity management.

Healthcare providers must consider age-related differences and varying levels of knowledge receptivity among patients. Tailored educational programs that cater to individual patient needs are essential for enhancing accessibility and ensuring continuity of care. Regular post-education assessments, alongside continuous supervision and guidance, are crucial to improve patient understanding, promote behavioral changes, validate the effectiveness of educational interventions, and support the long-term adoption of self-management practices.