Adaptive Introgression as an Evolutionary Force: A Meta-Analysis of Knowledge Trends

Area of Science:

• Evolutionary Biology
• Genomics

Background:

• Introgressive hybridization was historically viewed as a homogenizing force hindering adaptation.
• Genomic studies have increasingly highlighted its role in promoting species adaptation (adaptive introgression).
• Gaps remain in understanding adaptive introgression across taxa and biological levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore historical trends in adaptive introgression research, focusing on genomic and functional aspects.
• To investigate organismal characteristics influencing adaptive introgression patterns.
• To evaluate the interaction between adaptive introgression and opposing evolutionary mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review.
• Multidimensional meta-analysis of adaptive introgression studies.

Main Results:

• Genomic revolution since 2012 has clarified adaptive introgression.
• Studies increased across taxa (bacteria to mammals) and biological levels (physiological to ecological).
• Adaptive introgression co-occurs with divergence forces (e.g., convergence vs. divergence, balancing selection vs. genetic drift).

Conclusions:

• Adaptive introgression is a significant driver of adaptation, not solely a homogenizing process.
• Environmental conditions mediate the balance between introgression and divergence.
• Understanding introgression patterns is crucial for adaptation in changing environments.