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Three-Compartment Open Model01:06

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The three-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic model used to describe the distribution and elimination of drugs following extravascular administration. It comprises a central compartment representing the plasma and two peripheral compartments. The highly perfused peripheral compartment represents organs and tissues with a rich blood supply, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The scarcely perfused peripheral compartment represents tissues with lower blood supply, such as adipose...
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Study on controlling 3D printed drug release rates based on model structural adjustment.

Ruyue Dong1,2, Xiaolu Han2, Zhiqiang Tang2

  • 1College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.

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|June 23, 2025
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Summary

This study developed novel core-shell structured sustained-release tablets (CSRT) using 3D printing. The innovative design allows for tunable drug release profiles, extending from 8 to 24 hours.

Keywords:
3D printingcontrol drug releasefused deposition modelingmodel structuresemi-solid extrusion

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • 3D printing technologies, including semi-solid extrusion (SSE) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), offer advanced capabilities for fabricating complex pharmaceutical dosage forms.
  • Controlled drug release is crucial for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize core-shell structured sustained-release tablets (CSRT) using integrated SSE and FDM techniques.
  • To investigate the influence of structural design, specifically core filling rate and shell release windows, on the drug release behavior of propranolol hydrochloride.
  • To evaluate the quality and release kinetics of the fabricated CSRT.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of drug-loaded cores using SSE with varying filling rates.
  • Fabrication of shells with adjustable release windows using FDM.
  • Assembly of core-shell structures.
  • Characterization using Micro-CT, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness testing, and drug assay.
  • In vitro drug release studies.

Main Results:

  • SSE process did not alter the crystal structure of propranolol hydrochloride.
  • Core filling rate offered minor control over drug release; shell structure significantly prolonged release.
  • CSRT exhibited good structural integrity with no major internal defects.
  • Drug assay results met USP-NF 2024 standards.
  • Tunable sustained release from 8 to 24 hours was achieved, following first-order kinetics (R² > 0.96).

Conclusions:

  • Integrated SSE and FDM enable the fabrication of CSRT with predictable and tunable drug release profiles.
  • The structural design of CSRT, particularly the shell, is a key factor in achieving prolonged and controlled drug release.
  • This 3D printing approach provides a versatile platform for developing customized sustained-release medications.