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Cognitive and psychological functioning in individuals with long COVID: a comparative cross-sectional study
Maxime Boutet1,2, Imane Salmam1,3, Jean-Sébastien Roy1,3
1Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Canada.
Disability and Rehabilitation
|June 23, 2025
Summary
Long COVID is associated with significant cognitive deficits and psychological distress, impacting attention and memory. Comprehensive assessments and rehabilitation are crucial for managing these long-term effects.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Long COVID, a complex post-viral syndrome, presents diverse symptoms, including cognitive and psychological challenges.
- Existing research often lacks robust comparison groups and integrated subjective/objective measures for assessing long COVID's impact.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare objective cognitive performance and self-reported symptoms in individuals with long COVID versus recovered individuals and a control group.
- To investigate the relationship between patient characteristics and cognitive/psychological outcomes in the long COVID group.
- To examine the association between cognitive/psychological outcomes and quality of life in long COVID patients.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 120 adults per group: long COVID, recovered, and control.
- Utilized three neuropsychological tests for objective cognitive assessment.
- Employed self-report questionnaires for cognitive functioning, anxiety, depression, and quality of life.
Main Results:
- Individuals with long COVID demonstrated impaired attention and working memory compared to control and recovered groups.
- Long COVID patients reported significantly higher levels of cognitive difficulties, anxiety, and depression.
- In the long COVID group, poorer cognitive screening performance and higher depressive symptoms correlated with reduced quality of life.
Conclusions:
- Long COVID is characterized by objective cognitive impairments and subjective psychological distress.
- Findings underscore the need for thorough cognitive and psychological evaluations in long COVID patients.
- Integrated rehabilitation strategies are recommended to address the multifaceted challenges of long COVID.
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