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The Effects of Delayed Visual Feedback on Dynamic Postural Control.

Nora Pourhashemi1,2, Kayton Jaksic1,2, Behrang Keshavarz3,4

  • 1School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|June 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delayed visual feedback in virtual reality (VR) affects postural responses and motion sickness. Healthy adults adapted their balance strategies to visual delays, maintaining stability without sickness, demonstrating sensory adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Movement Science
  • Virtual Reality

Background:

  • Vision is crucial for maintaining upright stance, but central nervous system processing delays can disrupt this.
  • Mismatches between visual and motor responses due to visual delays are linked to motion sickness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between delayed visual feedback, postural control, and visually induced motion sickness.
  • To examine how virtual reality (VR)-generated visual delays impact dynamic balance tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants stood on a translating platform while wearing a VR head-mounted display.
  • Measurements included center of pressure (CoP), kinematics, surface electromyography (EMG), and subjective questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Kinetic, kinematic, and muscle activity responses increased with visual delay.
  • These responses returned to baseline when visual delay conditions were removed.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals can adapt postural stability strategies to sensory delays without experiencing motion sickness.
  • Perceived stability may be initially compromised but can be managed through adaptation.