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Topological Domain-Wall Pump with Z_{2} Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Yoshihito Kuno1, Yasuhiro Hatsugai2
1Akita University, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita 010-8502, Japan.
Abstract:
A domain-wall pump by an extended cluster model of S=1/2 spins is proposed with local U(1) gauge invariance. In contrast to the conventional pump, the current and the gauge field are defined on sites instead of links. Its snapshot ground state is gapped and doubly degenerated due to Z_{2} invariance, which is broken by an infinitesimal boundary magnetic field. The ground state associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking is, at the same time, symmetry-protected with additional spatial inversion that is characterized by the Z_{2} Berry phase defined by the twist on the boundary site. We investigate the topological domain-wall pump with and without boundaries. The topological pump associated with the inversion symmetry-breaking path induces a nontrivial Chern number of bulk and a singular behavior of edge states of the domain wall. Generalization to the multispin interaction is also explicitly given. These extended quantum degrees of freedom are prominent qubits that are topologically protected.
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