Antimicrobial potential and extracellular metabolite profiling of bichitrapur mangrove sediment derived...

Terrestrial actinomycetes have historically dominated the production of antimicrobial compounds. However, recent investigations into aquatic strains, particularly those from marine habitats, have revealed a vast reservoir of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. This study focuses on actinomycetes isolated from Bichitrapur Mangrove sediments which creates an extreme habitat for the microorganisms. Six distinct colonies were isolated, and their potential for antimicrobial compound production was explored. The investigation integrates molecular and chemical analyses, employing genetic sequencing for taxonomic identification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for compound characterization. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of BSS-D-04 and BSS-D-05 were submitted to the NCBI database, confirming their identities as Micromonospora sp. and Streptomyces sp., respectively. Phylogenetic analysis provided insight into the evolutionary relationships of these isolates. The organic solvent extracts from the selected strains were subjected to GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses, revealing many novel bioactive compounds. The identified compounds, documented for their broad-spectrum biological activities, encompassed antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. Especially, the study highlighted the higher pharmaceutical potential of Micromonospora sp. compared to Streptomyces sp. which is responsible for the 70% of the total discovered antibiotics. Hence, this comprehensive investigation sets the stage for further exploration and purification of metabolites from these highly potent actinobacterial strains which will help in new drug development and potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.