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Navigating Multi-Language Assessments: Best Practices for Test Development, Linking, and Evaluation.

Louise Badham¹, María Elena Oliveri², Stephan G Sireci³

¹International Baccalaureate (United Kingdom).

|June 23, 2025

Summary

Creating assessments in multiple languages presents significant challenges. This review explores methods for ensuring validity and comparability in cross-lingual assessment development and validation.

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Area of Science:

Psychometrics
Educational Measurement
Applied Linguistics

Background:

Multilingual assessment development is complex, affecting all stages from item creation to score interpretation.
Ensuring score comparability and validity across languages requires specialized approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current literature and practices in cross-lingual assessment.
To provide practitioners with research-based recommendations for multilingual test development and validation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing methods in cross-lingual assessment.
Analysis of practices in test development, linking, and validation.

Main Results:

A shift from translation to simultaneous development of items in multiple languages.
Utilization of quantitative and qualitative methods for cross-lingual assessment evaluation.
Methods focus on linking assessments and gathering validity evidence across languages.

Conclusions:

Offers an overview of current approaches to multilingual assessment.
Provides practical recommendations for test developers and researchers.
Emphasizes the importance of validity evidence in cross-lingual contexts.