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Related Concept Videos

Poisson's Ratio01:23

Poisson's Ratio

Poisson's ratio is a material property that indicates their stress response. It explains the connection between the elongation or compression a material undergoes in the direction of an applied force and the contraction or expansion it experiences perpendicular to that force. When a slender bar is loaded axially, it stretches in the direction of the force and contracts laterally. Poisson's ratio is the negative ratio of this lateral contraction to the axial elongation. The negative sign ensures...
Bulk Modulus01:21

Bulk Modulus

The bulk modulus is a scientific term used to describe a material's resistance to uniform compression. It is the proportionality constant that links a change in pressure to the resulting relative volume change.
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as the...
Stresses under Combined Loadings01:23

Stresses under Combined Loadings

When analyzing a bent tube with a circular cross-section subjected to multiple forces, it is crucial to determine the stress distribution in order to maintain structural integrity under varied load conditions.
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method
11:57

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3D Hyperbolic Kirigami Metamaterials With Tunable Auxeticity and Multistability.

Yu Lei1, Yan Wang1, Ruizhi Cui2

  • 1Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315202, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel 3D mechanical metamaterials using hyperbolic kirigami tessellations. These structures exhibit extreme negative Poisson’s ratio and significant volume expansion for advanced shape-morphing applications.

Keywords:
auxeticityhyperbolic tessellationskirigami metamaterialsmultistability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Metamaterials

Background:

  • Kirigami mechanical metamaterials offer tunable properties for deployable devices.
  • Existing 2D kirigami structures have limited out-of-plane deformability, hindering 3D shape construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel 3D mechanical metamaterials with enhanced out-of-plane deformability.
  • To explore hyperbolic kirigami tessellations for creating complex 3D structures.

Main Methods:

  • Projecting hyperbolic kirigami templates onto triply periodic minimal surfaces.
  • Utilizing theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental validation.
  • Investigating voxelated assemblies of kirigami unit cells for programmable morphing.

Main Results:

  • Developed 3D mechanical metamaterials with hyperbolic kirigami tessellations.
  • Achieved an extreme negative Poisson's ratio of -1 and tunable mechanical multistability.
  • Demonstrated up to 488% volume expansion during auxetic morphing and programmable shape changes.

Conclusions:

  • The hyperbolic kirigami tessellation strategy enables auxetic and multistable 3D mechanical metamaterials.
  • This approach opens new possibilities for shape-morphing architectures, deployable structures, and soft machines.