Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

24.7K
The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
24.7K
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

28.8K
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
28.8K
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

5.8K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
5.8K
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

2.9K
Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...
2.9K
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

57.7K
The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
57.7K
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

2.0K
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

C-terminal S-acylation governs membrane distribution, interaction dynamics and function of a plant Rho GTPase.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Guidelines for naming and studying plasma membrane domains in plants.

Nature plants·2024
Same author

Null mutants of a tomato Rho of plants exhibit enhanced water use efficiency without a penalty to yield.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

A physics-based model of swarming jellyfish.

PloS one·2023
Same author

Microtubule-associated ROP interactors affect microtubule dynamics and modulate cell wall patterning and root hair growth.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2022
Same author

Formation of self-organizing functionally distinct Rho of plants domains involves a reduced mobile population.

Plant physiology·2021
Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System
08:54

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System

Published on: March 20, 2016

9.9K

An ABA-ROP toggle switch orchestrates xylem differentiation and cell wall patterning.

Valentina Elettra Alberti1, Daria Bloch1, Erik Gengel2

  • 1School of Plant Science and Food Security, George Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Abscisic acid (ABA) and ROP GTPases interact to control plant root xylem development. ABA signaling promotes xylem formation, while ROPs suppress it, influencing cell wall patterns.

Keywords:
ABAROPcell polaritycell wallxylem

More Related Videos

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale
09:41

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Published on: May 14, 2020

12.2K
High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications
09:27

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Published on: May 10, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System
08:54

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System

Published on: March 20, 2016

9.9K
Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale
09:41

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Published on: May 14, 2020

12.2K
High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications
09:27

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Published on: May 10, 2016

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Abscisic acid (ABA) and ROP GTPases are key regulators of plant stress responses and development.
  • Previous work established ABA signaling in the endodermis promotes protoxylem (PX) differentiation.
  • The interplay between ABA and ROPs in root development, particularly xylem patterning, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ROP GTPases in suppressing PX differentiation in *Arabidopsis* and tomato roots.
  • To elucidate how ABA and ROP signaling pathways interact to regulate xylem secondary cell wall (SCW) patterning.
  • To determine the influence of ABA and ROPs on metaxylem SCW pit development.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier transform and Shannon's entropy analysis to quantify SCW coil periodicity and order.
  • Confocal microscopy to observe GFP-ROP11 localization and dynamics.
  • Oryzalin treatment to assess the role of microtubules in ROP distribution.
  • Analysis of ROP mutants and ABA treatments on xylem differentiation and SCW morphology.

Main Results:

  • ROPs were found to suppress PX differentiation in both *Arabidopsis* and tomato.
  • Endodermal ABA signaling, modulated by ROPs, controls the periodicity and order of PX SCW coils.
  • Microtubules appear to delimit ROP distribution, affecting GFP-ROP11 signal patterns.
  • ABA signaling differentially regulates metaxylem SCW pit enlargement in the endodermis and stele, with ROPs influencing pit size and density.

Conclusions:

  • ABA and ROP GTPase signaling pathways exhibit mutual antagonism in regulating xylem differentiation.
  • Non-cell-autonomous and cell-autonomous interactions between ABA and ROPs are crucial for coordinating xylem development and SCW patterning.
  • This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for xylem patterning involving the integration of stress and developmental signals.