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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Global overlooked multidimensional water scarcity.

Wenfeng Liu^1,2,3, Zhonghao Fu^1,2,3, Michelle T H van Vliet⁴

¹State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|June 23, 2025

Summary

Global water scarcity affects 22-26% of land and 58-64% of people annually. A new multidimensional approach reveals widespread water quantity and quality issues, especially in India, China, and Pakistan.

Keywords:

blue water green water multidimensional assessment water quality water scarcity

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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

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Published on: December 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Hydrology
Sustainability Science

Background:

Water scarcity is a critical global issue impacting human well-being and societal sectors.
Current metrics often overlook the roles of green water (soil moisture) and water quality in scarcity assessments.
Understanding the full scope of water scarcity is essential for effective resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate a novel concept of multidimensional water scarcity.
To assess the combined and individual impacts of blue water, green water, and water quality on scarcity.
To provide a more holistic understanding of global freshwater resource challenges.

Main Methods:

Developed a multidimensional water scarcity framework incorporating blue water, green water, and water quality.
Analyzed annual and seasonal water scarcity across global land areas and populations.
Quantified the extent of exposure to different dimensions of water scarcity.

Main Results:

22-26% of global land and 58-64% of the population face annual water scarcity.
Multidimensional water scarcity is particularly prevalent in India, China, and Pakistan.
In 2015, 80% of the global population experienced at least one month of water scarcity, and 10% faced multidimensional scarcity.

Conclusions:

Water scarcity is more widespread and complex than previously recognized.
The multidimensional approach highlights critical, often overlooked, water quantity and quality issues.
Urgent action is needed to balance human demands with freshwater availability and quality.