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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Microbiome and immunotherapy in bladder cancer: The missing link.

Bourgi Ali1, Bruyere Franck1, Emmanuel Rusch2

  • 1Department of Urology, CHRU Tours, Boulevard Tonnelé, Tours, France.

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The gut and urinary microbiome influences bladder cancer immunotherapy effectiveness. Specific microbial profiles impact responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), suggesting potential for microbiome-targeted treatments.

Keywords:
BCGBCG therapyBladder cancerCancer de la vessieGut microbiotaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapyImmunothérapieMicrobiomeMicrobiote intestinalMicrobiote urinaireMicroenvironnement tumoralTumor microenvironmentUrinary microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer is a major global health issue.
  • Immunotherapies like Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are key treatments.
  • The microbiome (gut and urinary) may affect immunotherapy efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between the microbiome and bladder cancer immunotherapy.
  • To highlight current findings, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential.
  • To explore how microbial composition influences treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Scopus up to March 2025.
  • Keywords: bladder cancer, microbiome, immunotherapy, BCG therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Analysis of studies on microbial influence on treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Specific microbial compositions correlate with varying responses to bladder cancer immunotherapies.
  • Gut microbiota profiles are linked to enhanced ICI efficacy.
  • Urinary microbiome alterations may affect BCG treatment outcomes.
  • Mechanisms involve microbial modulation of immune responses and tumor microenvironments.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiome's role in bladder cancer immunotherapy is a promising area for treatment optimization.
  • Further research is needed to understand these relationships.
  • Translating findings into clinical practice could lead to microbiome-targeted interventions for improved patient outcomes.