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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

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Published on: February 25, 2015

Exosomes Isolated from Blood Induce Acute Lung Injury in a Rat Septic Peritonitis Model.

Hiroshi Kono¹, Shinji Furuya, Hidetake Amemiya

¹First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)

|June 23, 2025

Summary

Exosomes from septic rats induce acute lung injury (ALI) by increasing inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest exosomes play a key role in sepsis-induced ALI pathogenesis.

Keywords:

Extracellular vesicles disseminated intravascular coagulation hepatic macrophage

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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Published on: May 21, 2018

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Published on: February 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Biomedical research
Pathophysiology
Cell biology

Background:

Sepsis is a leading cause of acute lung injury (ALI).
Exosomes (EXOs) are implicated in ALI development following hemorrhagic shock.
The specific role of exosomes in sepsis-induced ALI requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of exosomes isolated from septic rats with ALI.
To determine the effects of these exosomes on lung tissue and inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

Exosomes were isolated from blood of rats undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).
Exosomes were administered to normal rats, and lung tissues were analyzed for pathophysiological changes.
Plasma inflammatory cytokines and lung microvascular permeability were measured.
Effects of exosomes on macrophage TNF-a production were assessed in vitro.

Main Results:

CLP-induced lung injury and inflammation were replicated in rats receiving exosomes.
Exosome administration increased lung wet/dry ratio, microvascular permeability, and plasma inflammatory cytokines.
Exosomes stimulated TNF-a production in tissue macrophages, mediated by surface proteins and lipids.

Conclusions:

Exosomes from septic rats can trigger acute lung injury.
Increased inflammatory mediators, particularly TNF-a, are key mechanisms involved.
Exosome surface components are critical for their ALI-inducing effects.