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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

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Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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A Simple and Efficient Method for In Vivo Cardiac-specific Gene Manipulation by Intramyocardial Injection in Mice
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Association Between Melatonin Receptor Agonists and Cardiac Arrhythmia; Disproportionality Analysis Studies Using

Rikuto Masuda1, Yoshihiro Noguchi2, Tomoaki Yoshimura3

  • 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigakunishi, Gifu-Shi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.

Cardiovascular Toxicology
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin receptor agonists show a weaker association with cardiac arrhythmia compared to benzodiazepine receptor agonists. This suggests potential cardioprotective effects of melatonin agonists in insomnia drug safety.

Keywords:
Cardiac arrhythmiaDisproportionality analysisFDA Adverse Event Reporting SystemMelatonin receptor agonistsPharmacovigilance

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance and Cardiovascular Safety
  • Drug-Induced Arrhythmias
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • Insomnia medications like benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) are linked to cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Melatonin receptor agonists (MRAs) may offer cardioprotective benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between MRA use and cardiac arrhythmia.
  • To compare the cardiac safety profiles of MRAs and BZRAs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
  • Analyzed data for cardiac arrhythmia using Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQs).
  • Calculated the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) to assess drug-event associations.

Main Results:

  • MRAs demonstrated a negative correlation with all cardiac arrhythmia SMQs (e.g., "cardiac arrhythmias" ROR: 0.47).
  • BZRAs showed a positive correlation with cardiac arrhythmia-related SMQs.
  • Specific RORs for MRAs indicated reduced risk across various arrhythmia types.

Conclusions:

  • MRA usage is weakly associated with cardiac arrhythmia, unlike BZRAs.
  • MRAs may represent a safer alternative for insomnia treatment concerning cardiac events.