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Trichophyton Quinckeanum: Renaissance of the Mouse Favus Pathogen in Central Germany
Christin Pelzer1, Pietro Nenoff2, Daniela Koch2
1Division of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Cantonal Hospital H-OCH St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Background:
Trichophyton quinckeanum is a zoophilic dermatophyte causing mouse favus, that was only sporadically detected in Germany for decades. Since 2014, an increasing number of isolates have been found in central Germany, giving rise to dermatophyte skin infections and skin appendix infections like tinea capitis or even kerion Celsi.
Objectives:
The goal of this study was to characterize the specific features of dermatophyte infections due to T. quinckeanum.
Methods:
We collected the data of 550 isolates of T. quinckeanum from Germany between March 2014 and December 2024 in the laboratory in Mölbis, Germany, in order to identify specific features of the zoophilic dermatophyte infection.
Results:
To our knowledge, we present the highest number of cases ever published. Infection rates show a yearly recurring increase in autumn and winter months, whereas infection rates in spring and summer months are typically low. The peak of infections in the current epidemic in central Germany was seen in 2021. Mainly children, teenagers and young adults are affected.
Conclusions:
T. quinckeanum has now become a relevant pathogen in Germany and surrounding countries. Even though the current epidemic is in decline, it is to be expected that in the future, infection rates will again correlate with the cyclic mouse population numbers, as they are the main source of infection. Climate change may also play an important role for mouse populations. Transmission to humans typically occurs via an intermediate host like cats (and less likely dogs), which is why pet owners are most at risk.
Insights
Trichophyton quinckeanum, a fungus causing mouse favus, is now a significant pathogen in Germany, with infections peaking in autumn/winter. Transmission often occurs via pets, posing risks to owners.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Trichophyton quinckeanum, a zoophilic dermatophyte, historically caused sporadic mouse favus in Germany.
- Since 2014, a notable increase in T. quinckeanum isolates has been observed in central Germany.
- This rise has led to a surge in dermatophyte and skin appendage infections, including tinea capitis and kerion Celsi.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the specific features of dermatophyte infections caused by T. quinckeanum.
- To analyze the epidemiological patterns of T. quinckeanum infections in Germany.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 550 T. quinckeanum isolates collected in Germany between March 2014 and December 2024.
- Identification of specific features associated with T. quinckeanum infections.
Main Results:
- The study presents the highest number of T. quinckeanum cases published to date.
- Infection rates exhibit a seasonal pattern, increasing in autumn and winter and decreasing in spring and summer.
- The peak of the current epidemic occurred in 2021, primarily affecting children, teenagers, and young adults.
Conclusions:
- T. quinckeanum is now recognized as a relevant pathogen in Germany and neighboring countries.
- Future infection rates are expected to correlate with cyclic mouse population dynamics, the primary infection source.
- Climate change may influence mouse populations and subsequent T. quinckeanum transmission, with pets (cats, dogs) serving as common intermediate hosts, placing pet owners at higher risk.
