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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
24.3K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.4K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.4K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

4.1K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
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Personalized glucose prediction using in situ data only.

Rohan Singh1, Marouane Toumi1, Marcel Salathé1

  • 1Digital Epidemiology Lab, School of Life Sciences, School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Nutrition
|June 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High accuracy in predicting post-prandial glucose responses (PPGR) was achieved using machine learning with easily obtainable real-world data. This advance enables scalable personalized nutrition and glucose management strategies without complex lab tests.

Keywords:
digital cohortgut microbiomepersonalized nutritionreal-world datareal-world evidence

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Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic health
  • Nutritional science
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Rising global blood glucose levels are a significant health concern, linked to increasing metabolic diseases.
  • Diet is a key modifiable factor for managing glucose levels and preventing disease.
  • Individual post-prandial glucose responses (PPGR) vary significantly, even with identical meals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if accurate PPGR prediction is feasible using limited, easily accessible real-world data (RWD).
  • To explore the potential of machine learning for personalized glucose management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a machine learning algorithm on RWD from a digital cohort of over 1,000 participants.
  • Focused on easily obtainable data, including glycemic and temporally resolved diet information.
  • Evaluated prediction accuracy without requiring biological lab analysis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high accuracy in PPGR prediction using the machine learning model.
  • Identified that glycemic and diet data were sufficient for the best predictive model.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of RWD for PPGR prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate PPGR prediction is achievable with limited, real-world data.
  • This approach bypasses the need for extensive biological lab analysis.
  • Paves the way for scalable personalized nutrition and glucose management strategies.