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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Noncoding RNA and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Scoping Review of Current Research and Knowledge Gaps.

Deepa Upreti1, Rosaline P Kumar1, Justin B J Chen1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas.

Alcohol Research : Current Reviews
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PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly studied for their role in alcohol-related diseases. Research is emerging, but more studies are needed to understand mechanisms for improved diagnosis and treatment of alcohol use disorder.

Keywords:
RNAalcoholalcohol-related disorderscircular RNAlong noncodingmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alcohol use and misuse contribute significantly to disease burden, mortality, and societal costs.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing better diagnostics and treatments for alcohol-related conditions.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that can mediate environmental effects on cells and tissues, potentially playing a key role in alcohol-related pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of research linking ncRNAs to alcohol.
  • To identify the extent, range, and nature of existing studies.
  • To pinpoint gaps in the current literature regarding ncRNA and alcohol research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Inclusion of peer-reviewed articles across all species (human, animal, cell studies) published until December 2023.
  • Keyword searches in Medline, Embase, and Academic Search Ultimate databases, followed by screening and data extraction using Covidence and Excel.

Main Results:

  • 338 studies were included in the review, with microRNAs (miRNAs) being the most studied ncRNA type, followed by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs).
  • Studies covered alcohol-related pathologies in various organs, but mechanistic investigations were limited.
  • Significant research gaps were identified, particularly concerning the underlying mechanisms and the adequate consideration of biological sex, age, and genetic variation.

Conclusions:

  • The field of ncRNA research in alcohol-related pathologies is nascent.
  • Further research is essential to identify specific ncRNAs, understand their roles across different organs and disease stages, and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
  • Emerging ncRNA research holds promise for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of alcohol use disorder.